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I've decided to make this section similar to a time line. I thought that it would offer an impression of what life was like and what effects current events had on the people then. Life was very different in the latter half of the 1800's. As you'll see from the accident reports below, the writers seem to be more concerned with the status of the equipment and factories than the workers themselves. Working in a foundry was dangerous work.

1845 Joseph F. Emmert was born.

I have not been able to determine the day or city in which he was born.

1861-1865  Civil War - Waynesboro, Franklin County, PA

During the Civil War, Waynesboro remained relatively unscathed while its less fortunate neighbor to the west, Chambersburg, was set fire, and its neighbor to the east, Gettysburg was the site of the famous three-day battle, proclaimed to be the turning point of the war. Waynesboro was, however, occupied by the Confederates twice during the war. Both occupations were during 1863, the first shortly after the burning of Chambersburg. Imposing military rule, the Confederates burned the newspaper office because of the printing of Union recruiting material. Towns folk were forced to provide supplies to the soldiers; the majority of the women spent most of the occupation baking bread for the enemy soldiers. After 15 days of Rebel rule, Waynesboro was granted a reprieve while its residents either fled north toward Harrisburg or took measures to ensure the safety of valuables by burying them to protect against another Confederate raid. Those who stayed in Waynesboro soon were subjected to yet another occupation, although this time the Confederates were just &passing through on their way to Gettysburg to meet General Mead in battle.

courtesy of the Greater Waynesboro Chamber of Commerce

http://www.waynesboro.org/beginnings.html

1863  Civil War - Battle of Gettysburg, PA

July 1-3, 1863. Joseph Emmert was 18 years old. Gettysburg is only 24 miles from Waynesboro.

I have not been able to determine if he served in the war.

1865

After the war was over, it was life as usual in Waynesboro; its residents digging up their buried valuables and turning their attention from war to work. Prior to the war, the majority of people in the area made their living by farming, but the tide soon turned to industry with entrepreneurs such as George Frick and A. B. Landis setting up shop in Waynesboro.

courtesy of the Greater Waynesboro Chamber of Commerce

http://www.waynesboro.org/beginnings.html

1875 Emmert Genealogy

My research has not turned up much on Joseph F Emmert or the Emmert Manufacturing Company, but I will keep looking.

Joseph F Emmert married Anna Eliza Benedict, daughter of Jacob Benedict and Susannah Wilt. She was born 26 APR 1844 in Waynesboro, Franklin Co., PA, and died 1929. Joseph and Anna had 4 children. Jesse Benedict Emmert was born 11 OCT 1873 in Waynesboro, Franklin Co., PA, and died 1928. Edith G Emmert was born 10 AUG 1875 in Waynesboro, Franklin Co., PA. Harvey D Emmert was born 21 SEP 1877 in Altoona, Blair Co., PA. Sudie M Emmert was born 21 MAY 1880 in Waynesboro, Franklin Co., PA.

courtesy of the Ancestry.com

http://www.ancestry.com

1876 Alexander Graham Bell demonstrates the first telephone apparatus.

1889 The Eiffel Tower was displayed at the Paris World Fair in 1889.

1890 Article from The Iron Age - Country's Wealth

In 1980, IBM gave Bill Gates and Microsoft the contract to develop the software for their first PC. In 1999 Forbes estimated Bill Gates’ net worth at $85 billion. That is more than the whole Untied States had in 1890. By 1990 one man had more money than the whole United States had one hundred years earlier.

1890 Article from The Iron Age - Accidents

1890 Coke Oven Workers

March 16, 1891 Joseph F. Emmert filed a patent for his patternmakers vise.

April 22, 1891 - Pittsburgh Pirates played their first game.

August 11, 1891 First Emmert Patent issued.

1893 Chicago World Fair

1901 Article from The Iron Age

May 26, 1903 Patent issued for Model 4a and 6a

by Edgar Byer, assignor to the Emmert Mfg. Co.

Dec 17, 1903 Wilbur and Orville Wright made the world's first sustained, powered, and controlled flight in a heavier-than-air flying machine, thereby realizing one of mankind's oldest and most persistent aspirations -- human flight.

June 4, 1904 Joseph F. Emmert filed a second patent for his patternmakers vise.

August 30, 1904 Mortimer G. Lewis is the author of many vise patents. This one is for a bench vise was assigned to the Emmert Mfg. Co.

April 11, 1905 Second Emmert Patent issued.

1906 Joseph F. Emmert died at the age of 61.

1906 Panama Canal under construction.

Aug. 15, 1911 Patent issued for Model 130

by Harry S. Kuhn of Waynesboro, Pennsylvania..

Aug. 15, 1911 Patent issued for another Emmert Vise

by Harry S. Kuhn of Waynesboro, Pennsylvania.

1912 American Machinist Ad for Emmert Machinist Vise

1913 Machinist Vise from Pittsburgh Gage and Supply Catalog

1913 Patternmakers Vise from Pittsburgh Gage and Supply Catalog

1914 - 1918 World War I

February 6, 1918 Victor R. Koontz filed for a patent for his patternmakers vise.

July 15, 1919 Patent issued for the "New Improved" Universal Vise

by Victor R. Koontz of Waynesboro, Pennsylvania.

1920 Machinists Supply Co.

1920 Oliver No. 1 Universal Vise

1920 Oliver Quick Acting and Solid Nut Vises

1925 National Supply Co. Columbian Patternmakers Vise

1925 National Supply Co. Columbian Cabinet Makers Vise

1927 New Improved Patternmakers from John Duer & Sons Catalog

Above is a picture of the 1927 John Duer & Sons Tool Catalog. It shows the Emmert vise in various positions. Very standard, right. But look at the Emmert in the "Vise in Position to Hold Work Above the Level of the Bench Top" (figure in lower left). What's different? (.... Do you remember comparing the drawings in the Highlights kids magazine? ....) On this vise, the taper adjustment handle is missing. Also the vise dogs do not protrude the bottom of the front jaw. This is a drawing of the Type U1. You won't see many that look like this.

1930 Vonnegut Hardware Co. Patternmakers Vise

1930 Vonnegut Hardware Co. Machinists Vise

1934 Camp of Unemployed - Great Depression

1936 Hoover Dam

Sept. 13, 1940 Emmert Catalogs and Price List

1941 - 1945 World War II

1946 McMaster Carr Supply Co. A New Improved Universal Vise

1946 McMaster Carr Supply Co. Mead Patternmakers' Vise

1950 Kindt-Collins Co. Emmert Improved Universal Vises

1953 Suburban Development

196? Advanced Technology Corp.

196? A GRIP OF IRON

196? Installation Instructions

1969 Straube Mfg. Parts Prices

These documents are provided courteously by the United States Patent Office. The Patent Office is located at http://patft.uspto.gov.

The United States began granting patents to inventors in 1790 and were known as Name and Date Patents until mid 1836 when Patent Numbers began to be issued. On December 15, 1836 all patent records were lost when the U. S. Patent Office was destroyed by fire. However, great efforts were made to restore the records and of the 9,957 unnumbered patents, the text of about 2,700 have been restored.

Patent 457,710 Dated Aug. 11, 1891 by Joseph F. Emmert

To see the official content as published by USPTO, go to http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=457710 and click on the Images button.

Notice the jaw insert in Fig. 1. Also notice the tilt adjustment bar in Fig. 2&3. This would indicate that the flat slotted bar dates back to Aug 11, 1891, before round bar shown in Patent 787328.

Patent 709,399 Dated Sept. 16, 1902 by Joseph F. Emmert

To see the official content as published by USPTO, go to http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=709399 and click on the Images button.

This Emmert invention is for use on a drill press and looks similar to the Model 4a.

Patent 728,858 Dated May 26, 1903 by Edgar Byer, assignor to the Emmert Mfg. Co.

To see the official content as published by USPTO, go to http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=728858 and click on the Images button.

This is the patent for Model 4a. In Fig. 1 and 3 the mount is a single bolt thru the bench. Most examples show 3 bolts mounting in a circular pattern. Also notice that one of the Witnesses on page 3 was G. M. Yost. I've heard that Yost was a foreman at Emmert Mfg. Co. and later started his own vise company, GM Yost Mfg. Co.

Patent 768,810 Dated Aug. 30, 1904 by Mortimer G. Lewis

To see the official content as published by USPTO, go to http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=768810 and click on the Images button.

Patent 787,328 Dated Apr. 11, 1905 by Joseph F. Emmert

To see the official content as published by USPTO, go to http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=787328 and click on the Images button.

In Fig. 1, look at the size of the hinged mounting angle. In Fig. 2, notice the round bar tilt adjustment, labeled H. Also look at the stop on the end of the tilt adjustment bar, labeled H'. How many of these have you seen?

Patent 1,000,416 Dated Aug. 15, 1911 by Harry S. Kuhn

To see the official content as published by USPTO, go to http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=1000416 and click on the Images button.

This is the patent for the Model 130. The spring at the end of the screw (m & m') are a neat design. If you over tighten the vise then the spring tension lets the nut move closer to the jaw. This prevents breaking something.

Patent 1,000,417 Dated Aug. 15, 1911 by Harry S. Kuhn

To see the official content as published by USPTO, go to http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=1000417 and click on the Images button.

I'm not sure which model of vise this one is. It's called a Turret Vise in the patent. It has a hinge mounting plate, a rotating hub, and a turtleback-like cover. The spring at the end of the screw (N & n') is a nice addition. If you over tighten the vise then the spring tension lets the nut move closer to the jaw. This prevents breaking something.

Patent 1,245,741 Dated Nov. 6, 1917 by Harry S. Kuhn

To see the official content as published by USPTO, go to http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=1245741 and click on the Images button.

This is the patent for a Universal Base for Pipe Vises. If you know what the rest of the vise looks like, please let me know.

Patent 1,310,351 Dated July 15, 1919 by Victor R. Koontz

To see the official content as published by USPTO, go to http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=1310351 and click on the Images button.

This is the patent for a "New Improved" Universal Vise. This is similar to the Type U1 vise. Notice that it is missing the cam for the taper adjustment. The patent does show taper adjustment by loosening the collar and adjusting the jaw. The vise dogs do not extend thru the bottom of the jaw. This makes it more difficult to raise the vise dogs for use. Also missing is the vertical stiffeners adjacent to the dogs.

Patent 1,385,504 Dated July 21, 1921 by Freeman W. Stroh

To see the official content as published by USPTO, go to http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=1385504 and click on the Images button.

This is the patent for a Universal vise. It was patented by Freeman Stroh of Barberton, Ohio. I'm not sure which manufacturer it belongs to or if it was ever made. If you know then please clue me in.